📝 Exam Tip: Always label the axes (X and Y). Give a title to your diagram. For Pie charts, show the degree calculations. For Ogives, show the cumulative frequency table.
1. Line Diagram (5 Marks)
Question: Draw a Line Diagram from the following data.
Data: Monthly sales of Laptops and Desktops (in units):
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laptops | 2000 | 3500 | 4100 | 2800 | 6000 |
| Desktops | 3200 | 2300 | 3800 | 2500 | 5500 |
How to Draw:
- Draw X-axis (Months) and Y-axis (Sales).
- Plot points for Laptops and join them with a line.
- Plot points for Desktops and join them with another line.
- Use different colours for each line and add a key/legend.
- (എക്സ്-അക്ഷത്തിൽ മാസങ്ങളും വൈ-അക്ഷത്തിൽ വിൽപ്പനയും എടുത്ത് പോയിന്റുകൾ യോജിപ്പിച്ച് വരയ്ക്കുക.)
2. Simple Bar Diagram (3 Marks)
Question: Draw a Simple Bar Diagram from the following data.
Data: Production of a company (in tonnes):
| Year | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Production | 25 | 40 | 62 | 90 | 70 |
How to Draw:
- Draw X-axis (Years) and Y-axis (Production).
- Draw rectangular bars of equal width for each year.
- The height of each bar should be equal to the production value.
- Leave equal gaps between the bars.
- (തുല്യ വീതിയുള്ള ബാറുകൾ വരച്ച് ഉൽപ്പാദനത്തിന്റെ അളവ് ഉയരമായി എടുക്കുക.)
3. Multiple Bar Diagram (5 Marks)
Question: Draw a Multiple Bar Diagram from the following data.
Data: Yearly profits (in thousands) of two companies:
| Year | 2015-16 | 2016-17 | 2017-18 | 2018-19 | 2019-20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABC Ltd. | 120 | 188 | 210 | 260 | 310 |
| XYZ Ltd. | 160 | 120 | 240 | 220 | 280 |
How to Draw:
- Draw X-axis (Years) and Y-axis (Profit).
- For each year, draw two bars side-by-side (one for ABC, one for XYZ).
- Keep the width of all bars the same.
- Use different colours and add a key to distinguish the companies.
- (ഓരോ വർഷത്തിനും രണ്ട് ബാറുകൾ വീതം അടുത്തടുത്തായി വരയ്ക്കുക. വ്യത്യസ്ത നിറങ്ങൾ ഉപയോഗിക്കുക.)
4. Sub-divided Bar Diagram (5 Marks)
Question: Draw a Sub-divided Bar Diagram from the following data.
Data: Number of students in a University:
| Year | Arts | Commerce | Science |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 21000 | 12000 | 5000 |
| 2017 | 18000 | 10000 | 7000 |
| 2018 | 22000 | 9000 | 3000 |
| 2019 | 18000 | 12000 | 7000 |
How to Draw:
- Draw a single bar for each year.
- Divide each bar into three parts (Arts, Commerce, Science) proportional to their values.
- Stack the parts one above the other to make a single bar.
- The total height of the bar represents the total number of students.
- (ഓരോ വർഷത്തെയും ബാർ ഘടകങ്ങളായി വിഭജിച്ച് ഒന്നിന് മുകളിൽ ഒന്നായി ക്രമീകരിക്കുക.)
5. Percentage Bar Diagram (5 Marks)
Question: Draw a Percentage Bar Diagram from the following data.
Data: Population (in lakhs) of two countries:
| Category | India | America |
|---|---|---|
| Young Children | 420 | 230 |
| Boys and Girls | 190 | 220 |
| Young Men and Women | 160 | 280 |
| Others | 230 | 270 |
| Total | 1000 | 1000 |
How to Draw:
- Convert each value into a percentage of the total (e.g., 420/1000 × 100 = 42%).
- Draw a single bar of equal height (100%) for each country.
- Divide the bar into segments based on the percentage values.
- (ആദ്യം ശതമാനം കണക്കാക്കുക. എല്ലാ ബാറുകളുടെയും ഉയരം 100% ആയിരിക്കണം.)
6. Pie Diagram (5 Marks)
Question: Draw a Pie Diagram from the following data.
Data: Cost of construction of a building:
| Item | Cement | Steel | Bricks | Timber | Labour | Misc. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % of Cost | 25 | 20 | 15 | 10 | 20 | 10 |
How to Draw:
- Multiply each percentage by 3.6 to get the angle (e.g., 25 × 3.6 = 90°).
- Draw a circle and draw a radius.
- Using a protractor, measure the angles and draw sectors for each component.
- Label each sector and provide a key.
- (ശതമാനത്തെ 3.6 കൊണ്ട് ഗുണിച്ച് കോൺ കണ്ടെത്തി വൃത്തത്തിൽ സെക്ടറുകൾ വരയ്ക്കുക.)
7. Histogram & Frequency Polygon (6 Marks)
Question: Draw a Histogram and Frequency Polygon from the following data.
Data: Marks of students:
| Marks | 0-20 | 20-40 | 40-60 | 60-80 | 80-100 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Students | 8 | 12 | 14 | 10 | 6 |
How to Draw:
- Histogram: Draw adjacent rectangles with class intervals on X-axis and frequency on Y-axis.
- Frequency Polygon: Mark the midpoints of the top of each rectangle. Join these points with straight lines. Close the polygon by joining the first and last points to the X-axis.
- (ഹിസ്റ്റോഗ്രാമിന്റെ മുകൾഭാഗം മധ്യബിന്ദുക്കൾ കണ്ടെത്തി നേർരേഖകളാൽ യോജിപ്പിക്കുക.)
8. Ogive (Less than & More than) (8 Marks)
Question: Draw Less than and More than Ogive from the following data.
Data: Weekly wages of workers:
| Weekly Wages | 0-20 | 20-40 | 40-60 | 60-80 | 80-100 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Workers | 40 | 60 | 60 | 30 | 10 |
How to Draw:
- Less than Ogive: Calculate cumulative frequency (40, 100, 160, 190, 200). Plot upper class limits (20, 40, 60, 80, 100) on X-axis against cumulative frequency on Y-axis. Join with a rising curve.
- More than Ogive: Calculate cumulative frequency from the bottom (200, 160, 100, 40, 10). Plot lower class limits (0, 20, 40, 60, 80) on X-axis against cumulative frequency on Y-axis. Join with a falling curve.
- (ആദ്യം സഞ്ചിത ആവൃത്തി കണ്ടെത്തുക. കുറവ് ഓജീവിന് ഉപരിപരിധിയും, കൂടുതൽ ഓജീവിന് അധഃപരിധിയും എക്സ്-അക്ഷത്തിൽ എടുക്കുക.)
