SimonMash.com | Kerala Plus One & Plus Two Study Notes, Question Papers, Answer Keys, Resources

Customized PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യാം : പേജുകളിലെ Download PDF ക്ലിക്ക് ചെയ്താൽ അൽപ്പസമയത്തിനുള്ളിൽ PDF നിർമ്മിച്ച് തരും. PDF ൽ ആവശ്യമില്ലാത്ത ചിത്രങ്ങളോ (Picture ), തലക്കെട്ടുകളോ (Heading), സ്ഥലങ്ങളോ (Area), പാഠഭാഗങ്ങളോ (Paragraphs ) ഉണ്ടെങ്കിൽ അവിടെ ക്ലിക്ക് ചെയ്താൽ അതൊക്കെ മാഞ്ഞു പോകും. (undo ഉണ്ട്). Page Size, Font Size, Picture Size എന്നിവ ക്രമീകരിക്കാം. അതിനു ശേഷം PDF ബട്ടൺ ക്ലിക്ക് ചെയ്താൽ നിങ്ങൾ ആഗ്രഹിച്ച PDF  ലഭിക്കും. കുട്ടികളുടെ പഠന നിലവാരം അനുസരിച്ചു പ്രധാന ഭാഗങ്ങൾ മാത്രം ക്രമീകരിച്ചു PDF നല്കാൻ ഇതുമൂലം സാധിക്കും  Chapter 1 Important Topics: characteristics/importance of management nature of management as an art, science and profession; functions of management nature and importance of coordination. English with Malayalam notes by Simon Mash +2 Business Cha...

CHAPTER 9: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – II – MICRO NOTES NEED FOR ADJUSTMENTS Reason: Accrual basis of accounting – revenue recorded when earned, expenses when incurred, regardless of cash flow. Adjustments ensure true profit/loss and correct financial position. Two-fold effect: Each adjustment affects both the Income Statement (P&L A/c) and the Balance Sheet. CLOSING STOCK Meaning: Unsold goods at year-end. Given as adjustment outside Trial Balance. Entry: Closing Stock A/c Dr.; To Trading A/c. Treatment: Credited to Trading A/c; shown as Current Asset in Balance Sheet. OUTSTANDING EXPENSES Meaning: Expenses incurred but not yet paid. Entry: Concerned Expense A/c Dr.; To Outstanding Expense A/c. Treatment: Added to expense in P&L A/c (debit side); shown as Current Liability in Balance Sheet. PREPAID EXPENSES Meaning: Expenses paid in advance, benefit in next period. Entry: Prepaid Expense A/c Dr.; To Concerned Expense A/c. Treatment: Deducted from expense ...

CHAPTER 8: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – I – MICRO NOTES STAKEHOLDERS & THEIR INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS Internal: Owners (profit, ROI), Managers (planning, control), Employees (bonus, job security). External: Investors (buy/sell shares), Creditors/Banks (creditworthiness), Government (tax, compliance), Customers (supply continuity), Researchers (analysis). DISTINCTION: CAPITAL vs REVENUE Capital Expenditure: To acquire fixed assets/improve earning capacity; benefit >1 year; non-recurring; shown in Balance Sheet (Asset). Examples: Purchase machinery, installation, legal fees for property. Revenue Expenditure: To maintain earning capacity/daily ops; benefit within 1 year; recurring; transferred to Trading/P&L. Examples: Wages, rent, repairs, salaries. Capital Receipts: Create liability or reduce asset; non-recurring; not credited to P&L. Examples: Capital introduced, loan, sale of fixed asset. Revenue Receipts: From regular ops; recurring; credited to P&L. Examp...

DEPRECIATION – MEANING & DEFINITION Definition (AS-6): Measure of wearing out, consumption or loss of value of a depreciable asset arising from use, effluxion of time or obsolescence. A non-cash expense. Applicable to: Fixed Assets (tangible). Related Terms: Depletion (natural resources – mines), Amortisation (intangible assets – patents, copyrights). Exam Q (1 mark – 2021 March): Depreciation is charged on? (b) Fixed Assets. CAUSES OF DEPRECIATION Wear & tear (use), Expiration of legal rights (patents), Obsolescence (technological change), Abnormal factors (accidents, fire). NEED / OBJECTIVES OF PROVIDING DEPRECIATION Matching costs & revenue (true profit), True & fair financial position (asset not overvalued), Tax deduction (IT Act), Retain funds for replacement, Legal compliance (Companies Act). FACTORS AFFECTING DEPRECIATION Cost of Asset: Purchase price + all expenses to bring to working condition (freight, installation). Estimated Net Residual Valu...